New York is the most populous city in the United States of America[11] and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.[12][13][14] The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York[15] to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part.[16] A global power city,[17] New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,[18] New York is an important center for international diplomacy[19] and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.[20] Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors,[21] New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county.[22] The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898.[23][24] With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910[25] distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2),[26][27][28] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.[29] As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.[30] The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2),[31][32] and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.[33] New York traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.[34] The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664[35][36] and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.[37][38] New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.[39] It has been the country's largest city since 1790.[40] The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[41] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.[42] Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.[43][44][45] Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World",[46][47][48][49][50] is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district,[51] one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections,[52][53] and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.[54] The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers,[55] and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world[56] and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies.[57] Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.[58] Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere.[59][60][61][62] Providing continuous 24/7 service,[63] the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive rapid transit systems in the world. Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York,[64] including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 50 in the world.[65]